Comparison of two obturation techniques on adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts / Comparación de la adhesión y proliferación de fibroblastos periodontales humanos en dos técnicas de obturación endodóntica

The present study aimed to compare the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDL) in transverse sections of the teeth sealed with two different obturation techniques, BioRoot RCS/hydraulic obturation (HO) and AH-Plus/continuous-wave condensation (CWC). The techniques were tested using an in vitro model to simulate the interaction between periodontal tissues and the materials. The root canals were instrumented and sterilized. A total of 15 samples were obturated with BioRoot RCS/HO and 15 samples with AH-Plus/CWC. Then, roots were sectioned to obtain obturated teeth slices, and hPDL cells were seeded onto the root slices. The results were obtained at intervals of 4 and 24h for cell adhesion; and at 3,7,14, and 21 days for cell proliferation. Empty cell culture plates were use as controls. The cell adhesion was increased at 4 and 24h for both groups, with an increased response observed in the BioRoot RCS/HO group (p<0.05). The difference in cell proliferation was also found between experimental groups. After 14 days of culture, BioRoot RCS/HO group showed an increase response than control and AH-Plus/CWC groups (p<0.05), and after 21 days both groups behaved better than control group, with an increased response observed in the BioRoot RCS/HO group. This study demonstrated that both root canal sealers allow the attach and growth of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, with an increased biological response in the BioRoot RCS/HO group.

El presente estudio se enfocó en comparar la adhesión y proliferación de fibroblastos de ligamento periodontal humano (hPDL) en secciones transversales de raíces previamente obturadas con dos técnicas de obturación diferentes: obturación hidráulica empleando cono único de gutapercha y BioRoot RCS como sellador (HO), y obturación de condensación de onda continua y AH-Plus como sellador (CWC). Los selladores se usaron en un modelo in vitro que simula la interacción entre los tejidos periodontales y los materiales de obturación. Los conductos radiculares fueron instrumentados, esterilizados y obturados. La muestra se compuso de un total de 15 raíces con la técnica BioRoot RCS/HO y 15 raíces con la técnica AH-Plus/CWC. Las células de hPDL fueron sembradas en condiciones estándar de cultivo sobre las raíces seccionadas. Los resultados fueron obtenidos a intervalos de 4 y 24h para adhesión celular, y a los 3,5,7,14 y 21 días de cultivo para proliferación celular. La adhesión celular a las 4 y 24 horas mostró ser diferente para ambas técnicas en comparación con el grupo control, siendo más importante en el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO. La diferencia en la proliferación entre grupos se observó a los 14 días de cultivo, únicamente para el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO; Sin embargo para el día 21 ambas técnicas mostraron mayor proliferación celular que el grupo control, con mejor respuesta para el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO. Este estudio ha demostrado que ambos selladores de conductos permiten la adhesión y crecimiento de fibroblastos de ligamento periodontal, siendo el grupo BioRoot RCS/HO el que mostró mayor biocompatibilidad.

Comportamiento biológico de dos selladores endodónticos biocerámicos en el tejido óseo de la rata. Un ensayo in vivo / Biological behavior of two bioceramic endodontic sealers in the bone tissue of the rat. In vivo study

Objetivo: Analizar cualitativamente la biocompatibilidad y la capacidad osteogénica de dos selladores endodónticos a base de silicato de calcio: el biocerámico Bio-C Sealer (BIOc) y MTA Densell Sealer (MTAd). Materiales y métodos: En la tibia izquierda de 30 ratas Wistar macho se implantó un tubo de silicona obturado con BIOc. De igual forma, en la tibia derecha de cada una se implantó un tubo de silicona obturado con MTAd. Los animales fueron eutanasiados en grupos de 10 a los 7, 30 y 90 días. Las tibias fueron procesadas para su análisis histológico y analizadas con microscopía óptica. Según lo observado, fueron clasificadas en tres categorías: 1: Presencia de cápsula fibrosa sana y neoformación ósea, sin células inflamatorias; 2: Cápsula fibrosa con o sin células inflamatorias, formación inicial de trabéculas óseas y presencia de células inflamatorias en los tejidos circundantes; 3: Ausencia de cápsula y/o tejido óseo y presencia de numerosas células inflamatorias. Los resultados fueron analizados con las pruebas de McNemar y de Kruskal-Wallis (P<0,05). Resultados: A los 7 días, los tejidos en contacto con BIOc y MTAd reaccionaron según la categoría 3. A los 30 días, todos los casos correspondieron a la categoría 2. A los 90 días, los 10 implantes de BIOc fueron clasificados según la categoría 1. MTAd presentó nueve casos de categoría 1 y un caso de categoría 2. No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos selladores dentro de cada uno de los períodos de observación (P>0,05), pero sí las hubo cuando se compararon los resultados obtenidos entre períodos de observación (P<0,05). Conclusión: Al finalizar el ensayo, Bio-C Sealer y MTA Densell Sealer se comportaron como materiales biocompatibles y osteogénicos en tibias de rata (AU)

Aim: To analyze the biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of two silicate-based endodontic sealers, the bioceramic Bio C-Sealer (BIOc) and the MTA-based sealer MTA Densell (MTAd). Materials and methods: Silicone tubes filled with BIOc were implanted in the left tibias of 30 white male Wistar rats (one per tibia). In similar fashion, tubes filled with MTAd were implanted in the right tibias. The animals were euthanized in groups of 10 at 7, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. The tibias were removed, processed for histology and analysed under optical microscopy. The observations were classified in three categories: 1: Presence of a healthy fibrous capsule and newly formed bone trabeculae without inflammatory cells. 2: Fibrous capsule with or without inflammatory cells, initial formation of bone trabeculae and presence of inflammatory cells in the surrounding tissues. 3: Absence of a fibrous capsule and/or bone formation with the presence of numerous inflammatory cells. Data was analyzed by the McNemar and the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Results: At 7 days: The tissues in contact with BIOc and MTAd reacted as category 3. At 30 days: All cases were classified as category 2. At 90 days: All BIOc cases were in category 1 while MTAd presented nine cases of category 1 and one case of category 2. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between both sealants BIOc and MTAd in each period group. However, there were significant differences (P<0.05) when the results between periods were compared. Conclusion: At the end of the experiment both, BIOc and MTAd behaved as biocompatible and osteogenic materials in the rats' tibias (AU)

Influência da terapia fotodinâmica na resistência de união do cimento obturador à dentina intrarradicular e na morfologia da interface adesiva / Influence of photodynamic therapy on the bond strength of an MTA based root canal sealer to intraradicular dentin and morphology of the adhesive interface

Introdução: A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é utilizada como coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico para potencializar a redução microbiana no sistema de canais radiculares. No entanto, a literatura carece de estudos sobre as consequências da TFD na resistência de união do cimento obturador à dentina intrarradicular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da TFD com azul de metileno na resistência de união do cimento obturador (MTA Fillapex) utilizando o teste de push-out, analisar o padrão de fratura das amostras representativas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e a morfologia da interface adesiva intrarradicular pela microscopia confocal de fluorescência (MCF). Material e Métodos: Cinquenta e cinco dentes bovinos foram utilizados para simular o tratamento endodôntico. O preparo biomecânico foi realizado em todos os canais radiculares e os espécimes foram distribuídos em 5 grupos: controle (água deionizada); azul de metileno 50 mg/L (AM50SL); azul de metileno 100 mg/L (AM100SL); azul de metileno 50 mg/L + laser vermelho 660nm (AM50L) (TFD); e de azul de metileno 100 mg/L + laser vermelho 660nm (AM100L) (TFD). A resistência de união do cimento obturador à dentina foi mensurada usando uma máquina de teste universal (n=8) e as amostra representativas analisadas em MEV. A morfologia da interface adesiva intrarradicular foi analisada pela MCF. Os dados de resistência de união foram submetidos ao teste de KruskalWallis para comparação entre grupos e ao teste de Friedman para comparação entre terços (α=.05). Resultados: Houve diferença estatística significante para o grupo azul de metileno 100 mg/L + laser vermelho 660nm (TFD) quando comparando os terços radiculares, onde o terço apical apresentou maiores valores de resistência de união em relação ao terço médio (P=.0302). Nos demais grupos e terços não houve diferença estatística significante (P>.05). Quanto a morfologia da interface adesiva foi possível observar uma menor penetração do cimento obturador no grupo AM100L. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o uso de TFD com o fotossensibilizador azul de metileno na concentração de 50 mg/L não alterou negativamente a resistência de união do cimento obturador MTA Fillapex na dentina intrarradicular(AU)

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used as an adjunct to endodontic treatment to enhance microbial reduction in the root canal system. However, studies are lacking on the consequences of the application of the application of PDT on the bond strength of the root canal sealer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue on the bond strength the root canal sealer using a push-out test, to analyze the fracture pattern of representative samples using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the morphology of the adhesive interface of the intraradicular dentin using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Material and Methods: Fifty-five bovine teeth were used to simulate experimental endodontic treatments. Biomechanical instrumentation was performed for all root canals, and the teeth were distributed into 5 groups: control deionized water; methylene blue 50 mg/L (MB50WL); methylene blue 100 mg/L (MB100WL); methylene blue 50 mg/L + red laser 660nm (MB50L) (PDT); and methylene blue 100 mg/L + red laser 660nm (MB100L) (PDT). The push-out bond strength of the root sealer to dentin was measured using a universal testing machine (n=8), representative scanning electron microscopy images were obtained. Images of the morphology of the adhesive interface were obtained using CLSM (n=3). Bond strength data were submitted to the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison between groups and the Friedman test for comparison between thirds (α=.05). Results: Comparing the root thirds, for the methylene blue group with the higher concentration activated by Red Laser, there was significant difference, the apical third presented higher values of bond strength in relation to the middle third (P=.0302). In the other groups and thirds there was no statistically significant difference (P>.05). As for the morphology of the adhesive interface, it was possible to observe a lower penetration of the sealer in the MB100L group. Conclusion: The application of PDT with the photosensitizer methylene blue at a concentration of 50 mg/L, regardless of the activation by red laser, did not alter negatively the bond strength of the MTA Fillapex sealer to intraradicular dentin(AU)

Endodontic sealers and post-endodontic waiting time affect the bond strength of the fiber posts / Cimentos endodônticos e tempo de espera após endodontia afeta a resistência de união de pinos de fibra

Introduction: The resistance adhesive of a fiber post can be affected by several factors, such as the endodontic sealer and post-endodontic waiting time. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different endodontic sealers and two different post-endodontic waiting times on the bond strength of fiber posts. Material and method: Seventy-two bovine teeth were endodontically treated and filled using three endodontic sealers: eugenol-based, epoxy resin-based, or mineral trioxide aggregate-based. The specimens were stored at 37°C for 24 hours or for 30 months. After the respective storage times, the root canals were prepared for luting fiber posts using RelyX U200. Push-out tests and analysis of failures were performed. The push-out data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance to compare the effects of the endodontic sealer and with the t-test to compare the effects of post-endodontic waiting time. Result: The AH Plus sealer yielded the highest bond strength values at 30 months post-endodontics (11.26 Mpa) (p < 0.05), however no had difference with Endofill sealer at the same time. Endofill and MTA Fillapex sealers did not differ significantly in their effects, irrespective of the post-endodontic waiting time. Conclusion: In conclusion, the endodontic sealer used and post-endodontic waiting time affect the adhesive resistance of fiber posts. The adhesion increases significantly when the fiber post is cemented 30 months after the root canal filling, while the adhesion is reduced when cementing immediately after root canal treatment, in particular for eugenol-based endodontic sealers.

Introdução: A resistência de união de um pino de fibra pode ser afetada por vários fatores, como o cimento endodôntico e o tempo de espera pós-endodontia. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes cimentos endodônticos e dois tempos de espera pós-endodontia na resistência de união de pinos de fibra. Material e método: Setenta e dois dentes bovinos foram tratados endodonticamente e obturados usando três cimentos endodônticos: à base de eugenol, à base de resina epóxia ou à base de mineral trióxido agregado. Os espécimes foram armazenados a 37 ° C por 24 horas ou por 30 meses. Após, os canais radiculares foram preparados para cimentação dos pinos de fibra usando o RelyX U200. Foram realizados testes de push-out e análise de falhas. Os dados foram analisados por análise de variância bidirecional e com o teste t. Resultado: O cimento AH Plus obteve os maiores valores de resistência de união aos 30 meses pós-endodontia (11,26 Mpa) (p <0,05), no entanto, não houve diferença com o cimento Endofill no mesmo tempo. Os cimentos Endofill e MTA Fillapex não diferiram significativamente em seus efeitos, independentemente do tempo de espera pós-endodontia. Conclusão: O cimento endodôntico utilizado e o tempo de espera pós-endodontia afetam a resistência adesiva dos pinos de fibra. A adesão aumenta significativamente quando o pino de fibra é cimentado 30 meses após a obturação do canal radicular, enquanto a adesão é reduzida ao cimentar imediatamente após o tratamento do canal radicular, principalmente para cimentos endodônticos à base de eugenol.

Evaluation of physicochemical properties of new calcium silicate-based sealer

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of a calcium silicate-based sealer (Sealer Plus BC; MK Life, Porto Alegre, Brazil) compared with an epoxy-resin sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany). Initial and final setting time was assessed based on ISO 6876:2012 and ASTM C266:03. Calcium ion release and pH were evaluated by filling polyethylene tubes with sealers and then immersing them in 10 mL of deionized water. Following experimental periods of 1, 24, 72 and 168 hours, the samples were measured regarding pH and calcium ion release with a pH meter and a colorimetric spectrophotometer, respectively. The flow was examined based on ISO 6876:2012. Rings of 10 mm in diameter with 1 mm thickness were prepared to analyze the radiopacity (ISO 6876:2012 and ADA n.57) and solubility (ISO 6876:2012). The data were analyzed by variance analysis, Student-T and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The calcium ion release and pH values were significantly higher for the Sealer Plus BC compared with the AH Plus (p<0.05). Lower setting time, flow and radiopacity were observed for the bioceramic sealer than for AH Plus (p<0.05). Sealer Plus BC exhibited higher solubility compared with AH Plus (p<0.05). Sealer Plus BC showed physicochemical properties as setting time, pH, calcium release, flow, and radiopacity following the required standards, but higher solubility than the minimum values required by ISO 6876:2012.

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas de um cimento à base de silicato de cálcio (Sealer Plus BC MK Life, Porto Alegre, Brasil) e compará-las a um cimento à base de resina epóxica (AH Plus, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Alemanha). Tempo de presa inicial e final foram avaliados com base na ISO 6876:2012 e ASTM C266:03. Liberação de íons cálcio e pH foram avaliados após o preenchimento de tubos de polietileno com os cimentos e imersão em 10 mL de água deionizada. Após os tempos experimentais de 1,24,72 e 168 horas, os valores de pH e liberação de íons cálcio foram mensurados utilizando um medidor de pH e um espectofotômetro colorimétrico, respectivamente. Escoamento foi avaliado com base na ISO 6876:2012. Moldes de 10 mm de diâmetro e 1 mm de espessura foram preparados para análise de radiopacidade (ISO 6876:2012 e ADA n.57), solubilidade (ISO 6876:2012). Os dados foram analisados por análise de variância, teste T de Student e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A liberação de íons cálcio e os valores de pH foram significativamente maiores para o Sealer Plus BC em comparação com o AH Plus (p<0,05). Menores valores de tempo de presa, escoamento e radiopacidade foram observados para o cimento biocerâmico quando comparados com o AH Plus (p<0,05). Sealer Plus BC apresentou propriedades físico-químicas de tempo de presa, pH, liberação de íons cálcio, escoamento, radiopacidade de acordo com as normas exigidas, porém maior solubilidade que aquelas previstas pela ISO 6876:2012.

Retreatment Efficacy of Endodontic Bioceramic Sealers: A Review of the Literature / Eficacia del retratamiento de cementos endodónticos biocerámicos: Revisión de Literatura

Abstract The endodontic retreatment is a feasible solution when post-operative apical periodontitis persists or develops. The complete removal of the filling materials is important in order to ensure the unobstructed contact of the intracanal disinfectants with the microbes. As a new generation of bioceramic endodontic sealers has emerged, their removal efficacy from the root canal system during retreatment is a matter of concern among clinicians. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on the retreatability of these novel obturating materials. A significant amount of bioceramic sealer remnants in the root canal walls was observed in all studies. Even though canal cleanliness could not be obtained at an ideal level, the re-establishment of the working length and patency can be considered manageable and comparable to other endodontic sealers.

Resumen El retratamiento endodóntico es una solución factible cuando la periodontitis apical post-operatoria persiste o se desarrolla. La eliminación completa de los materiales obturadores es importante para garantizar el contacto y acción de los desinfectantes e irrigantes endodónticos con los microorganismos persistentes. A medida que ha surgido una nueva generación de selladores endodónticos biocerámicos, su eficacia de eliminación del sistema de conductos radiculares durante el retratamiento es motivo de preocupación entre los profesionales. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura actual sobre la influencia o posibles limitantes del uso de este tipo de cementos bioactivos durante el retratamiento endodóntico. Los estudios determinaron una cantidad significativa de restos de selladores biocerámicos en las paredes del conducto radicular. Aunque la limpieza del canal no se pudo obtener a un nivel "ideal", el restablecimiento de la longitud de trabajo y la permeabilidad se puede considerar manejable y comparable a otros selladores endodónticos.

Eficacia antibacteriana de tres selladores endodónticos frente al Enterococcus faecalis / Antibacterial effectiveness of three endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis

Objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo la comparación de la eficacia antibacteriana sobre el Enterococcus faecalis, de tres cementos selladores de obturación utilizados en la terapia endodóntica, determinada mediante la medición del tamaño del halo inhibitorio. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio comparativo in vitro, en el cual se utilizó el método de difusión en el agar de Müller- Hinton. Se calculó una muestra de 10 replicaciones por cemento haciendo un total de 30 unidades de estudio (mediante el programa G Power 3.1). Los datos del halo inhibitorio fueron medidos en milímetros después de 24 horas de incubación, a una temperatura de 37°C, los resultados obtenidos se anotaron en una ficha elaborada por el autor, para posteriormente procesarlos mediante el análisis estadístico de Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: El sellador a base de resina epóxica (TOPSEAL) presentó un halo de inhibición de 7,7 mm, el sellador a base de hidróxido de calcio (SEALAPEX) provocó un halo inhibitorio de 6,0 mm y el sellador a base de óxido de zinc y eugenol (GROSSFAR) presentó un halo de inhibición de 8,4 mm, siendo el de mayor eficacia de los tres selladores utilizados en este estudio. Conclusiones: Con este estudio se llegó a la conclusión que los selladores estudiados no son iguales entre si con respecto a su eficacia antibacteriana contra el Enterococcus faecalis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was the comparison of antibacterial effectiveness of three endodontic sealers, used in endodontic therapy. The antibacterial effectiveness of sealers was determinate by measuring the inhibitory halo against Enterococcus faecalis. Material and methods: A comparative in vitro study was done; the method of agar diffusion of Müller- Hinton was used. A sample of 10 replications for each sealer was estimated with the help the program (G Power 3.1) the total of sample was the 30 units of study. The data of inhibitory halo was measured in millimeters after 24 hours, incubated a temperature of 37°C, the results was registered in a format developed by the author, later the results were processed by statistical analysis Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis and U de Mann Whitney. Results: The resin- based sealer (TOPSEAL) showed an inhibitory halo of 7.7 mm; the hydroxide of calcium - based sealer (SEALAPEX) was of 6.0 mm whereas the oxide of zinc and eugenol - based sealer showed an inhibitory halo of 8.4 mm, this inhibitory halo was the biggest in this study. Conclusions: This study concluded that the sealers used in this study are not equal in their antibacterial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis.

Actividad antimicrobiana y biocompatibilidad de los cementos endodónticos a base de hidróxido de calcio / Antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers

Uno de los objetivos de la endodoncia es la eliminación de los microorganismos de la endodoncia es la eliminación de los microorganismos y la prevención de la reinfección en el sistema de conductosradiculares. Una de las fases de la terapia endodóntica que permite laobtención de dichos objetivos es la obturación de los conductos radiculares;esto significa rellenarlos con un material inerte de la manera más hermética posible y un cemento que permita estimular el proceso de reparación apical y periapical. Los microorganismos pueden permanecer en el sistema de conductos radiculares inclusive después de los procesos de instrumentación e irrigación porque pueden presentar una anatomía compleja. En endodoncia, una de las propiedades deseadas en los cementos endodónticos es la acción antimicrobiana, para eliminar las bacterias resistentes. Los cementos a base de hidróxido de calcio son utilizados debido a su acción antimicrobiana y degradación deendotoxinas, entre otras propiedades. Estas premisas nos llevan a larealización de este trabajo, teniendo como objetivo evaluar la actividadantimicrobiana y la biocompatibilidad que presentan los cementos endodónticos a base de hidróxido de calcio a través de una revisión deliteratura. Después de la revisión podemos concluir que los cementosa base de hidróxido de calcio poseen biocompatibilidad y actividad antimicrobiana contra diversos tipos de microorganismos; sin embargo, pueden tener sus propiedades biológicas alteradas dependiendo de la etodología utilizada y del tiempo de aplicación.

One of the aims of endodontics is to eliminate microorganisms and prevent reinfection in the root-canal system. To achieve this, one of the procedures performed in endodontic therapy is the sealing of the root canals. This implies fi lling the root canal with as hermetic an inert material as possible and a sealer that encourages the process of apical and periapical repair. Microorganisms can remain in the root-canal system even after biomechanical preparation and irrigation, as they may have a complex anatomy. In endodontics, one of the desired properties of an endodontic sealer is antimicrobial activity to eliminate resistant bacteria. Calcium hydroxide-based sealers are used due to their antimicrobial activity and role in endotoxin degradation, among other properties. These were the premises that gave rise to this study, which aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibil-ity exhibited by a calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealer based on a review of the literature. As a result of this review, we were able to conclude that while calcium hydroxide-based sealers do display biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, their biological properties can vary depending on the method used and the time of application.

Determinação do pH e da liberação de íons cálcio de três cimentos endodônticos quando utilizados em obturações, em conjunto com guta-percha, e da qualidade das mesmas: avaliação realizada em longo prazo / Determination of pH, calcium ion release, and overall quality of three endodontic cements used in obturations with guta-percha: a long term evaluation

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o pH e a liberação de íons cálcio dos cimentos AH Plus, MTA Fillapex e Sealapex, em diferentes períodos, quando empregados em obturações de canais radiculares, bem como, a qualidade das obturações, após 1 ano de realizadas. O pH e a liberação de íons cálcio foram avaliados por meio de um peagômetro e espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica, respectivamente. A qualidade das obturações foi avaliada por meio de um estereomicroscópio. Cento e vinte e quatro pré-molares inferiores humanos extraídos, unirradiculados, foram divididos em 01 grupo controle e 02 grupos experimentais, de acordo com a padronização do diâmetro do forame apical. Em seguida, os 02 grupos experimentais foram divididos em 4 subgrupos, considerando as técnicas de instrumentação e obturação empregadas. Após o preparo dos canais radiculares cada subgrupo teve o número de dentes divididos por dois, formando novos subgrupos, de acordo com os cimentos obturadores utilizados. Imediatamente após a obturação, a raiz de cada dente foi imersa em 15 mL de água ultrapura para avaliação do pH e liberação de íons cálcio nos seguintes períodos: 1 h, 1, 3, 7, 30, 180 e 365 dias, após a obturação. Após o período de 1 ano, os dentes foram seccionados transversalmente a 2, 4, 6 mm do forame apical para análise da qualidade das obturações, analisando-se a porcentagem de cimento, guta-percha e espaços vazios na massa obturadora. Os cimentos apresentaram pH neutro, porém, aos 180 dias, os valores mostraram um ligeiro aumento quando utilizados em canais com forames de diâmetro 0,25 mm. Quando utilizados em canais com forames de diâmetro 0,45 mm, o pH mostrou-se com valores maiores para todos os períodos sem distinção do cimento. Todos os cimentos liberaram íons cálcio, com menores valores para o AH Plus. Na estereomicroscopia, observaram-se variações nas porcentagens de cimento e guta-percha, considerando-se os diâmetros foraminais e técnicas obturadoras, e porcentagem...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pH and calcium ion release of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex cements at different time periods when used in root canal obturations, as well as the quality of the obturations one year after being performed. The pH and calcium ion release were evaluated by means of a pH meter and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. The quality of the obturations was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. One hundred and twenty-four extracted human uniradicular mandibular premolars were divided into 1 control and 2 experimental groups, according to the standardization of the apical foramen diameter. Next, the 2 experimental groups were divided into 4 subgroups, considering the instrumentation techniques and obturations employed. After the preparation of the root canals, each subgroup had the number of teeth divided by two, forming new subgroups, according to the sealers used. Immediately after the obturation, the root of each tooth was immersed in 15 mL of ultrapure water for the evaluation of the pH and calcium ion release in the following time periods: 1 hr, 1, 3, 7, 30, 180 and 365 days after the obturation. After the period of one year, the teeth were transversely sectioned at 2, 4 and 6 mm from the root apex to examine the quality of the obturations, analyzing the percentage of cement, gutta-percha and voids in the obturator mass. The cements presented a neutral pH, which showed slightly increase as of 180 days when used in canals with foramens of 0.25 mm diameters. When used in canals with foramens with diameters of 0.45 mm, the pH presented higher values in all periods for all cements. All cements released calcium ions, with lower values for the AH Plus. In the stereomicroscopy, there were variations in the percentages of cement and gutta-percha, considering the foraminal diameters and obturation techniques and an insignificant percentage of voids.

Determinação do pH e da liberação de íons cálcio de três cimentos endodônticos quando utilizados em obturações, em conjunto com guta-percha, e da qualidade das mesmas: avaliação realizada em longo prazo / Determination of pH, calcium ion release, and overall quality of three endodontic cements used in obturations with guta-percha: a long term evaluation

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o pH e a liberação de íons cálcio dos cimentos AH Plus, MTA Fillapex e Sealapex, em diferentes períodos, quando empregados em obturações de canais radiculares, bem como, a qualidade das obturações, após 1 ano de realizadas. O pH e a liberação de íons cálcio foram avaliados por meio de um peagômetro e espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica, respectivamente. A qualidade das obturações foi avaliada por meio de um estereomicroscópio. Cento e vinte e quatro pré-molares inferiores humanos extraídos, unirradiculados, foram divididos em 01 grupo controle e 02 grupos experimentais, de acordo com a padronização do diâmetro do forame apical. Em seguida, os 02 grupos experimentais foram divididos em 4 subgrupos, considerando as técnicas de instrumentação e obturação empregadas. Após o preparo dos canais radiculares cada subgrupo teve o número de dentes divididos por dois, formando novos subgrupos, de acordo com os cimentos obturadores utilizados. Imediatamente após a obturação, a raiz de cada dente foi imersa em 15 mL de água ultrapura para avaliação do pH e liberação de íons cálcio nos seguintes períodos: 1 h, 1, 3, 7, 30, 180 e 365 dias, após a obturação. Após o período de 1 ano, os dentes foram seccionados transversalmente a 2, 4, 6 mm do forame apical para análise da qualidade das obturações, analisando-se a porcentagem de cimento, guta-percha e espaços vazios na massa obturadora. Os cimentos apresentaram pH neutro, porém, aos 180 dias, os valores mostraram um ligeiro aumento quando utilizados em canais com forames de diâmetro 0,25 mm. Quando utilizados em canais com forames de diâmetro 0,45 mm, o pH mostrou-se com valores maiores para todos os períodos sem distinção do cimento. Todos os cimentos liberaram íons cálcio, com menores valores para o AH Plus. Na estereomicroscopia, observaram-se variações nas porcentagens de cimento e guta-percha, considerando-se os diâmetros foraminais e técnicas obturadoras, e porcentagem...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pH and calcium ion release of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex cements at different time periods when used in root canal obturations, as well as the quality of the obturations one year after being performed. The pH and calcium ion release were evaluated by means of a pH meter and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. The quality of the obturations was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. One hundred and twenty-four extracted human uniradicular mandibular premolars were divided into 1 control and 2 experimental groups, according to the standardization of the apical foramen diameter. Next, the 2 experimental groups were divided into 4 subgroups, considering the instrumentation techniques and obturations employed. After the preparation of the root canals, each subgroup had the number of teeth divided by two, forming new subgroups, according to the sealers used. Immediately after the obturation, the root of each tooth was immersed in 15 mL of ultrapure water for the evaluation of the pH and calcium ion release in the following time periods: 1 hr, 1, 3, 7, 30, 180 and 365 days after the obturation. After the period of one year, the teeth were transversely sectioned at 2, 4 and 6 mm from the root apex to examine the quality of the obturations, analyzing the percentage of cement, gutta-percha and voids in the obturator mass. The cements presented a neutral pH, which showed slightly increase as of 180 days when used in canals with foramens of 0.25 mm diameters. When used in canals with foramens with diameters of 0.45 mm, the pH presented higher values in all periods for all cements. All cements released calcium ions, with lower values for the AH Plus. In the stereomicroscopy, there were variations in the percentages of cement and gutta-percha, considering the foraminal diameters and obturation techniques and an insignificant percentage of voids...

Influência da técnica de obturação dos canais radiculares e do cimento endodôntico na força de adesão de pinos pré-fabricados de fibra de vidro / Influence of the filling of root canals and endodontic cement on the bond strength of prefabricated fiberglass pins

Comparar a força de adesão por meio de ensaios de cisalhamento por extrusão ("push out") de pinos intrarradiculares de fibra de vidro em canais obturados com os cimentos endodônticos Pulp Canal Sealer EWT® e AHPlus® pelas técnicas de compactação lateral e da onda contínua da guta percha termoplastificada. Foram selecionadas 60 raízes de molares inferiores que foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 04 grupos com 15 amostras cada: Grupo I, técnica da compactação lateral da guta-percha associada ao cimento Pulp Canal Sealer EWT ®; Grupo II, técnica da compactação lateral da guta-percha associada ao cimento AHPlus®; Grupo III, técnica da onda contínua da guta-percha termoplastificada associada ao cimento Pulp Canal Sealer EWT ®; Grupo lV ­ técnica da compactação de onda contínua da guta-percha termoplastificada associada ao cimento AHPlus®. O pino de Fibra de vidro Whitepost DC® 0,5 foi cimentado com sistema adesivo AMBAR® e com o cimento AllCEM® na proporção 1:1 em todas as raízes. Os ensaios de resistência por extrusão foram realizados em três diferentes níveis: cervical, médio e apical, na máquina de ensaio universal EMIC DL 200 MF, à velocidade de 1,0 mm/min, até a fratura. Para análise dos resultados foram utilizados os testes Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni e Wilcoxon. Os quatro grupos avaliados foram significativamente diferentes em relação à força máxima do ensaio "push out" (p< 0,000), sendo os grupos IV e III com maior forca de resistência seguidos pelos grupos II e I. Na analise pareada, só não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos I e II (p=0,075) e III e IV (p=0,052). Quando o "push out" dos grupos foi comparado por terços, nos terços cervical, médio e apical, os grupos IV e III foram significantemente maiores do que os grupos II e I (p= 0,00, para todas as comparações). Na comparação da força de cisalhamento dentro de cada grupo, a força máxima de "push out" no grupo IV foi significativamente maior em seu terço cervical quando comparado ao terço médio (p= 0,017), mas não foi observada diferença entre os terços médio e apical. Nos outros três grupos, não houve diferença de push out entre os terços. A técnica de obturação dos canais radiculares da onda contínua da guta percha termoplastificada foi superior à técnica da compactação lateral da guta-percha na aplicação de força de cisalhamento ("push out"). O tipo de cimento obturador dos canais radiculares, não exerceu influência na força máxima do "push out" do pino de fibra.

To compare the adhesion strength by push out test of fiberglass intracanal posts filled with Pulp Canal Sealer EWT ® and AHPlus® sealers the techniques of cold lateral compaction and continuous wave of condensation. Sixty roots of mandibular molars were selected and randomly distributed into 04 groups with 15 sample each: Group I, cold lateral compaction technique of gutta-percha associated with Pulp Canal Sealer EWT ® cement, Group II, cold lateral compaction technique of gutta-percha associated with AHPlus®, Group III, continuous wave of condensation technique of gutta-percha associated with cement Pulp Canal Sealer EWT ®; group IV - continuous wave of condensation technique associated with AHPlus®. The Fibreglass Whitepost pin DC® 0.5 was cemented with an adhesive system and the AMBAR® AllCEM® cement 1:1 in all roots. Push out test were performed at three different levels: cervical, middle and apical in a universal testing machine EMIC DL 200 MF at a speed of 1.0 mm / min until fracture. To analyze the results, the Kruskal- Wallis, Bonferroni and Wilcoxon tests were used. The four study groups were significantly different in respect to the bond strength of the push out test (p < 0.000), and the groups III and IV had greater force of resistance followed by groups II and I. In paired analyzes, there was no statistically significant difference only between groups I and II (p = 0.075) and between groups III and IV (p = 0.052) . When the push out of the groups was compared by thirds, cervical , middle and apical thirds of groups III and IV were significantly higher than groups I and II (p = 0.00, for all comparisons) . Comparing the bond strength within each group, the maximum push out force in group IV was significantly higher in his cervical third when compared to the middle third (p = 0.017), but there was no difference between the middle and apical thirds. In the other three groups, there was no push out difference between the thirds. The technique of filling of the root canals continuous wave of condensation, was superior to the technique of cold lateral compaction of gutta - percha on the application of shear force (push out) . The type of root canal sealer had no influence on the push out ultimate strength of the fiber pin.

Influence of Endodontic Sealer Composition and Time of Fiber Post Cementation on Sealer Adhesiveness to Bovine Root Dentin

This study aimed to assess the influence of the type of endodontic sealer (salicylate resin-based sealer vs. two endodontic sealers) and the time of fiber post cementation after root filling on the post adhesion to bovine root dentin. Sixty bovine roots were assigned to six groups (n=10), considering an experimental design with two factors (factorial 3x2): endodontic sealer factor in three levels [epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus), eugenol-based sealer (Endofill), and salicylate resin-based sealer plus mineral trioxide aggregate - MTA (MTA Fillapex)] and time for post cementation factor in two levels (immediate post cementation or 15 days after root canal filling). After post cementation, 2-mm-thick slices were produced and submitted to push-out test. The failure modes were analyzed under a 40× stereomicroscope and scored as: adhesive at cement/dentin interface; adhesive at cement/post interface; cement cohesive; post cohesive; dentin cohesive; or mixed. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (α=0.05). When the fiber posts were cemented immediately after the root canal filling, the bond strengths were similar, independent of the endodontic sealer type. However, after 15 days, the epoxy resin-based sealer presented higher bond strength than the other sealers (p<0.05). Comparison between each sealer in different experimental times did not reveal any differences. The main failure type was adhesive at dentin/cement interface (89.4%). The time elapsed between the root canal filling and post cementation has no influence on post/root dentin adhesion. On the contrary, the type of endodontic sealer can influence the adhesion between fiber posts and root dentin.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência do tipo de cimento endodôntico (um cimento à base de resina de salicilato e dois cimentos endodônticos) e do tempo decorrido entre a obturação do conduto e a cimentação do pino de fibra na adesão de pinos de fibra à dentina radicular bovina. Sessenta dentes bovinos foram divididos em seis grupos (n=10), considerando um desenho experimental de dois fatores (3x2): cimento endodôntico em três níveis [à base de resina epóxica (AH Plus), eugenol (Endofill) e resina de salicilato e MTA (MTA Fillapex)] e o tempo para cimentação em dois níveis (cimentação imediata e 15 dias pós a obturação). Após cimentação do pino de fibra, fatias com 2 mm de espessura foram obtidas e submetidas ao teste de push-out. Os padrões de falha foram analisados em estereomicroscópio (40×) e classificados em: adesiva na interface cimento/dentina, adesiva cimento/pino, coesiva do cimento, coesiva do pino, coesiva da dentina e mista. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes de ANOVA a dois fatores e post hoc de Tukey (α=0,05). Quando os pinos de fibra foram cimentados imediatamente após a obturação dos condutos, a resistência adesiva foi similar, independentemente do tipo de cimento endodôntico. Entretanto, após 15 dias, os dentes obturados com cimento resinoso à base de resina epóxica apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência adesiva (p<0,05). Os valores de resistência adesiva do mesmo cimento nos diferentes tempos experimentais não foram alterados. O principal tipo de falha foi adesiva na interface cimento/dentina (89,4%). O tempo decorrido entre a obturação dos condutos e a cimentação do pino não influenciou a adesão do pino de fibra à dentina radicular. Por outro lado, o tipo de cimento endodôntico influencia a adesão entre dentina radicular e pinos de fibra.

Retention of fiber posts to the optimally and over-prepared dowel spaces

PURPOSE: To assess the retention of glass fiber post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement into optimum and over-prepared root canals following obturation in the presence of either eugenol (EB) or calcium hydroxide (CB)-based sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Roots of extracted premolars were endodontically-treated in 5 groups (n = 10). Roots of Group 1 (control) were left with no obturation and then optimally prepared to receive endodontic dowels. Other root canals were obturated with gutta-percha in the presence of either eugenol-based (Groups 2 and 4) or calcium hydroxide-based (Groups 3 and 5) sealer. Dowel spaces were prepared with optimal diameter in Groups 2 and 3, one size larger in Groups 4 and 5. Standardized fiber posts were luted to the prepared spaces using self-adhesive resin cement and itsretention was then tested on an universal testing machine. Both one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD comparisons (alpha=0.05) were used to identifythe significance of inter-group retention differences. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of both optimally and over-prepared dowel spaces was also considered to figure the nature of their interior out. RESULTS: The post retention was significantly higher to the non-obturated, optimally-prepared dowel spaces of Group 1 compared to the obturated, optimally-prepared ones of Groups 2 and 3. For each dowel space diameter, root canals obturated using CB of Groups 3 and 5 showed significantly higher dowel retention compared to those obturated using EB of Groups 2 and 4. Post retention to the over-prepared dowel spaces of Groups 4 and 5 was significantly higher than that recorded for the optimally-prepared ones of Groups 1-3. SEM images revealed traces of endodontic sealer and gutta-percha on the walls of the optimally-prepared dowel spaces. CONCLUSION: Despite the adverse effect of endodontic sealers on the retention of fiber posts, the over-preparation of dowel spaces helps to improve the retention.

Adhesion of real seal to human root dentin treated with different solutions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigants on sealer-dentin bond strength when using Real Seal. Thirty single-rooted teeth were divided into 3 groups. In one group, the teeth were irrigated with 3 mL of 2.5% NaOCl after each file change, flushed with 17% EDTA for 3 min and finally rinsed with 3 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. In the other two groups, rinse with NaOCl was replaced with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 0.9% saline, respectively. Each root was sectioned transversally into apical, middle and coronal thirds to obtain 2-mm-thick slices. Each slice was filled with Real Seal and Resilon. Push-out test was used to analyze bond strength and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed, according to SEM observations. The push-out test did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the irrigants. However, the groups exhibited significantly different (p<0.05) bond strengths in terms of the root canal third. Higher bond strength was observed at the apical third when compared with coronal third, while middle third presented intermediary values. Fifteen specimens were analyzed by SEM (5 per group). Eleven specimens exhibited adhesive failures (5 in saline, 4 in NaOCl and 2 in CHX group); 2 cohesive failures were observed in the CHX group, and 1 mixed failure each was observed in the CHX and NaOCl groups. The tested irrigants did not influence the bond strength of Resilon and Real Seal to dentin. The apical third exhibited higher mean bond strengths and adhesive failures were predominant.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes soluções irrigadoras na resistência adesiva do Real Seal à dentina radicular. Trinta dentes monorradiculares foram divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 - os dentes foram irrigados com 3 mL de NaOCl 2,5% após cada troca de instrumento, irrigados com EDTA 17% por 3 min e lavagem final com NaOCl 2,5%. Nos Grupos 2 e 3, o NaOCl foi substituído por digluconato de clorexidina 2% (CHX) e solução salina 0,9%, respectivamente. Cada raiz foi seccionada transversalmente nos terços apical, médio e cervical para obter fatias de 2 mm de espessura. Cada slice foi obturado com Real Seal e Resilon. Teste de push-out foi usado para analisar a resistência adesiva e os padrões de falha foram classificados como adesiva, coesiva e mista de acordo com MEV. O teste de push-out não revelou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os irrigantes (p<0,05). Porém, os grupos exibiram diferentes valores de resistência adesiva de acordo com o terço radicular (p>0,05). Maior resistência adesiva foi observada na região apical quando comparado com o terço cervical, enquanto que o terço médio apresentou valores intermediarios. Quinze espécimes foram analisados através de MEV (5 por grupo). Onze espécimes exibiram falhas adesivas (5 no grupo da solução salina, 4 no grupo NaOCl e 2 na CHX); duas falhas coesivas foram observadas no grupo CHX e uma falha mista foi observada no grupo da CHX e uma no NaOCl. Os irrigantes testados não influenciaram a resistência adesiva do Resilon e do Real Seal à dentina radicular. O terço apical apresentou maior resistência adesiva e falhas adesivas foram predominantes para todos os grupos.

Interfase TopSeal-dentina en relación con dos técnicas de obturación: condensación lateral y técnica termoplastificada/termorreblandecida: estudio de microscopía electrónica de barrido / TopSeal-dentine interface after two obturation techniques: lateral condensation and thermoplastified/thermosoftened technique: a SEM study

Antecedentes: los sistemas de obturación endodóntica con condensación vertical (CV) han mejorado la calidad de los tratamientos al ser comparados con la condensación lateral (CL). Ellos permiten mejorar la difusión y la adaptabilidad del cemento sellador (CS) y la gutapercha (GP) para obtener un sellado hermético y garantizar la ausencia de brechas en la interfase del material obturador-dentina. Sin embargo, no se ha determinado si la aplicación de calor puede o no alterar la interfase de los cementos selladores a la dentina (ICS-D). Objetivo: comparar la ICS-D (TopSeal®)-dentina a diferentes distancias del ápice radicular, al utilizar dos técnicas de obturación, lateral y vertical. Método: se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro de microscopía electrónica de barrido MEB. Se tomaron 40 premolares unirradiculares recién extraídos, a los cuales se les realizó tratamiento endodóntico,utilizando la misma técnica de instrumentación. De éstos, 20 fueron obturados con CL y TopSeal®, y 20 fueron obturados con CV y el mismo cemento. Posteriormente, se seccionaron a 1, 4 y 8 mm del ápice radicular, y se observaron bajo MEB. Resultados: la ICS-D se ve modificada al utilizar las técnicas de CV cuando se compara con la CL, y se reportan valores estadísticamente significativos en todas las distancias medidas (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la técnica termoplastificada/termorreblandecida reduce la ICS-D con respecto a la CL. Sin embargo, en la primera técnica se observó mayor espesor de cemento a 1 mm de altura, lo que pudiese tener implicaciones clínicas de importancia.

Background: Vertical condensation (VC) endodontic systems have improved results of endodontic treatment when compared to lateral condensation (LC). They improve the diffusion and adaptability of the sealer cement (SC) and the gutta-percha (GP), in order to obtain a hermetic sealing and ensure the lack of cracks in the sealer material-dentine interface. However, it has not been established whether the application of heat may or not alter the sealer cement-dentine interface (SCDI). Objective: Compare the SCDI at different distances from the root apex, when using two obturation techniques, vertical (TopSeal®) and lateral. Methods: An in vitro experimental study with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. Canals of 40 recently extracted single-root premolars were endodontically prepared with the same instrumentation technique. 20 of them were sealed with LC and TopSeal® and the other 20 were sealed with VC and TopSeal®. The specimens were then cut at 1 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm from the root apex and observed under SEM. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the SCDI of teeth sealed with VC compared to those sealed with LC (p<0,05). Conclusions: The thermoplastified/thermosoftened technique reduces the SCDI when compared to the LC technique. However, the former showed a thicker cement layer on the 1 mm measures, which may have significant clinic implications.

Capacidade seladora de remanescente de obturação do canal radicular frente a indicadores microbianos / Sealing ability of root canal filling remnants by microbial indicators

Estudou-se a capacidade seladora de remanescentes de obturação do canal radicular (4, 5 e 6mm), frente ao emprego do Sealapex e do EndoFill, valendo-se de diferentes indicadores microbianos. Para o teste de infiltração empregou-se uma plataforma, dividida em duas partes: câmara superior - onde foi introduzida a suspensão microbiana (contendo E. faecalis S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis e C. albicans) e uma câmara inferior, com o meio de cultura Brain Heart Infusion, onde 3 mm da região apical permaneceram imersos. O período de observação foi de 60 dias. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mostraram infiltração microbiana em todos os grupos, não havendo diferenças significantes entre os cimentos estudados. Porém, quando se analisou os resultados dos níveis de remanescentes de obturação, entre 4 e 5 mm, e 5 e 6 mm não ocorreu diferenças significantes. Ao comparar os níveis de 4 e 6 mm pode-se constatar diferenças significantes.

This work aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of root canal filling remnants (4, 5 and 6mm), employing Sealapex and EndoFill, by means of differents microbial indicators. A platform was employed, which was split in two halves: an upper chamber - where the microbial suspension (containing E. faecalis + S. aureus + P. aeruginosa + B. subtilis + C. albicans); and a lower chamber containing the culture medium Brain Heart Infusion, in which 3 mm of the apical region of teeth were kept immersed. Interpretations of the time to occur microbial leakage were made daily for 60 days, using the turbidity of the culture medium which is indicative of microbial contamination, as a reference. The data obtained were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The outcomes didn't show any significant difference between the sealers assessed, when the time for microbial leakage was compared, and leakage was noted in all the comparative groups. When the results of the remaining obturation level were compared, between 4 and 5 mm and 5 and 6 mm, no significant differences were found; however, when 4 and 6 mm levels were compared significant differences were noted.

Avaliação in vitro da infiltração e da atividade antimicrobiana de cimentos endodônticos resinosos / In vitro evaluation of the infiltration and antimicrobial activity of endodontic cements resins

São características ideais para os cimentos endodônticos: selar os canais radiculares, prevenir a infiltração de bactérias ou de toxinas para os tecidos periapicais, tornar o ambiente impróprio à vida dos microrganismos. Avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana e a capacidade de selar os canais radiculares que os cimentos: Acroseal, AH Plus, EndoREZ, Epiphany e Sealer 26, para uma melhor indicação destes materiais para o uso clínico e para o desenvolvimento e melhorias de novas propriedades. Os cimentos foram avaliados frente aos microrganismos: Enterococcus faecalis, Cândida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa; através do teste de difiusão em ágar (TDA). Os cimentos Fill Canal, Sealer 26 e Epiphany com e sem a adição do “Epiphany Thinning Resin”, foram efetivos contra todas as cepas; o EndoREZ não apresentou nenhuma atividade antimicrobiana e os cimentos Acroseal e AH Plus não atuaram sobre a Cândida albicans e Pseudomonas aeroginosa, respectivamente. A capacidade de selar os canais radiculares foi avaliada pelo teste de infiltração pelo sistema de transporte de fluído (TISTF) e pelo microrganismo Enterococcus faecalis (TIM). O cimento AH Plus apresentou menor índice de infiltração quando comparado aos demais através da TISTF enquanto o Epiphany apresentou infiltração bacteriana em 7/20 (35%) raízes, o AH Plus em 8/20 (40%), o Acroseal em 9/19 (47,4%), o Sealer 26 em 11/20 (55%), o maior número foi observado para o EndoREZ em 9/15 (73,3%) pelo TIM. O emprego do TODA, TISTF e TIM, possibilitou comparar e indicar quais cimentos seriam seguros e efetivos para os pacientes.

Characteristics are ideal for endodontic sealer: seal the root canals to prevent leakage of bacteria or toxins to the periapical tissues, making the environment unsuitable for life of microorganisms. Evaluating in vitro antimicrobial activity and ability to seal the root canals that sealers: Acroseal, AH Plus, EndoREZ, Epiphany Sealer 26 with a target state or the redesign these clinical materials. The sealers were evaluated against the microorganisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Cândida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by the agar diffusion method (ADM). The sealer Fill Canal, Sealer 26 and Epiphany with and without the addition of the “Epiphany Thinning Resin”, were effective against all strains; the EndoREZ not had any antimicrobial activity and the AH Plus and Acroseal sealer not acted on Cândida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The ability to seal the root canal was evaluated by test of infiltration by the fluid transport system (TIFTS) and by the microorganism Enterococcus faecalis (TIM). The AH Plus sealer showed lower rate of infiltration when compared to the others; through the Epiphany TIFTS as presented bacterial infiltration in 7/20 (35%) roots, AH Plus in 8/20 (40%), the Acroseal on 9/19 (47.4%), the Sealer 26 in 11/20 (55%), the largest number was observed for EndoREZ on 9/15 (73.3%) for the TIM. The use of the ADM, TISTF and TIM, has compared and indicate sealers were safe and effective for patients.